Pope Paul III excommunicated King Henry VIII of England.
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Pope Gregory XII was appointed head of the Catholic Church by a conclave of 15 cardinals in Rome.
Pope Leo II became the bishop of Rome.
Pope Leo XII renewed the prohibition of members of the Catholic Church from joining the Freemasons.
John Paul II became the first pope to visit the Republic of Ireland.
Pope John Paul II established World Youth Day, an event for young Christians around the world.
