Scottish knight William Wallace was executed for treason by being hung, drawn, and quartered by order of King Edward I of England.
The leader in Scotland's fight for independence, William Wallace, was captured and later trialed and executed in London.
The English were defeated at the Battle of Stirling Bridge.
King Edward I of England fought the Scots to punish King John Balliol for not being an ally against France with England.
Pope Celestine V resigned after just five months in the job to return to his life as an ascetic hermit.
The Crusaders lost control of the city of Acre, the Kingdom of Jerusalem's last bastion, after a fourteen-day siege.
King Edward I of England decreed that all Jews must leave the country by November.
Northern Germany and the Netherlands were struck by St. Lucia's flood, killing more than 50,000 people.
The last Prince of Wales, Dafydd ap Gruffudd, was the first person recorded to have been hanged, drawn, and quartered.
Peter III of Aragon became the King of Sicily.
All of London's Jews (approx. 680) were accused and arrested for coin clipping and counterfeiting.
The coronation of King Edward I occurred at the Westminster Abbey in England.
Rudolf I became king of Germany and reigned until he died in 1291.
Kublai Khan founded the Yuan dynasty when he renamed his Mongol Empire 'Yuan.'
One of the world's most important medieval castles, Krak des Chevaliers, was conquered by Sultan Baibars.
The Khagan emperor, Kublai Khan of the Mongol Empire, accepted the surrender of his younger brother Ariq Böke, which ended the Toluid Civil War.
All local Jews had to submit their books through King James I to be investigated.
Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan, became the ruler of the Mongol Empire.
King Louis IX of France and Henry III of England signed the Treaty of Paris, ending 100 years of conflict.
The city of Baghdad, Iraq, surrendered to the Mongols after a battle that saw thousands killed.
A catastrophic landslide on Mont Granier destroyed five villages.
The foundations for Cologne Cathedral were laid in preparation for its construction.
A Mongol horde led by Batu Khan conquered and sacked the Russian city of Ryazan.
Battle of the Kalka River occurred.
Estonian tribes defeated Sweden in the Battle of Lihula.
Pope Innocent III brought together the council for the Fourth Council of the Lateran, which was held at the Lateran Palace in Rome, Italy.
King John signed the Magna Carta near Windsor, England.
The Battle of Bouvines began.
A peace agreement was signed between King John of England and Prince Louis VIII of France, marking the end of the Siege of Roche-au-Moine, France.
The University of Oxford, England, received its first charter from the Archbishop of Canterbury.
King John of England taxed all of England's Jews for 66,000 Francs and imprisoned those who couldn't pay.
Otto IV was crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Innocent III.
Baldwin IX was crowned emperor of the Latin Empire, a new state created by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade.
Crusaders from the Fourth Crusade broke through Constantinople's walls and entered the great city.
Nobleman John Komnenos the Fat attempted to steal the imperial throne from Alexios III Angelos.
Isabella of Angoulême was crowned Queen consort of England at Westminster Abbey, London.
The King of England, Richard I, died from gangrene in his shoulder after being hit by a crossbow arrow.
Sverre was crowned King of Norway.
Richard I took to the throne as King of England.
The Siege of Jerusalem began and lasted for 12 days.
Saladin's troops surrounded the Jerusalem Crusaders, so they were unable to reach the Springs of Kafr Hattin and would lose the battle.
Cave monastery Vardzia was blessed by Queen Tamar of Georgia.
The foundations for the Tower of Pisa were placed in Italy.
King Henry II's knights assassinated Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury.
Henry the Lion founded the city of Munich on the banks of the river Isar.
The siege of Damascus was abandoned.
The armies of Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany laid siege to Damascus.
Moscow was mentioned for the very first time in historical records when two princes met there for a great banquet.
The Basilica of St Denis in Paris was completed and dedicated.
After winning the Battle of Ourique, Afonso I became King of Portugal.
