The Marianna Coal Mine in Pennsylvania exploded and killed 154 men.
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NASA launched the Mars Science Laboratory probe, which carried the Curiosity Rover to Mars.
The Congress of Vienna declared Kraków, Poland, a free republic state, and the Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland was signed.
Explorer Richard E. Byrd became the first person to fly over the South Pole.
Lady Nancy Astor became the first woman to become a member of the British House of Commons.
The Hofburg fire destroyed part of the Royal Court in Vienna, Austria.
