German astronomer Gottfried Kirch discovered the Great Comet of 1680, the first comet sighted using a telescope.
Danish astronomer Ole Rømer presented the first measurements of the speed of light.
German polymath Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz demonstrated integral calculus for the first time.
More than 20,000 people were killed after Mount Etna erupted in Sicily.
The first documented blood transfusion took place using sheep blood in a teenage boy.
The US recorded its first tornado.
Astronomers Jeremiah Horrocks and William Crabtree recorded the first known observation of a transit of Venus across the sun.
The Great Colonial Hurricane hit the Massachusetts Bay Colony and the Jamestown Settlement in New England, USA.
Cardinal Bellarmine condemned Galileo for stating that the earth revolved around the sun.
Nicolaus Copernicus' revolutionary book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium is banned by the Catholic Church.
The Roman Inquisition ordered Galileo not to teach or defend his theory that Earth and other planets revolve around the sun.
Dutch astronomer Johannes Fabricius discovered sunspots.
Galileo Galilei discovered Callisto, the fourth moon of Jupiter.
Galileo discovered the first three satellites of Jupiter.
Astronomer Galileo demonstrated one of his earlier telescopes to Venetian lawmakers.
Kepler's Supernova was discovered.
Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe witnessed the supernova SN 1572.
A solar eclipse occurred, which started Tycho Brahe's interest in the world of astronomy.
Thirty thousand lives were lost after a major earthquake shook Lisbon.
Astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus made his first observation of Saturn.
A lunar eclipse saved explorer Christopher Columbus's life.
Astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus recorded his first observation after witnessing a moon eclipse with a distant star.
The first recorded example of having to 'quarantine' was written by The Ragusan Republic.
Pope Clement VI issued two papal bulls stating that Jews were not to blame for the Black Death.
Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars came into alignment. Medieval scholars believed this phenomenon brought forth the Black Death.
The final gasps of the Crab Head nebula were observed as it went supernova.
Halley's Comet made its closest approach to Earth in recorded history.
The capital city of the Roman Empire, Constantinople, was severely damaged by an earthquake.
A solar eclipse occurred, which is said to have marked the birth of the Greek legend Hercules.
