The Argentinian city of Salta was founded as an outpost between Buenos Aires, Peru, and Lima.
The Staten General of the Netherlands declared that the country no longer recognized Philip II of Spain as its ruler.
English Jesuit priest Edmund Campion was captured by a spy named George Eliot and taken to London.
Sir Frances Drake completed his famous circumnavigation of the world when he sailed into Plymouth aboard the Golden Hind.
England, Flanders, and Northern France experienced one of the most severe earthquakes in recorded history.
Sir Francis Drake discovered New Albion in California.
Sir Francis Drake set sail from England on a circumnavigation of the world.
Henry III became the King of France.
Nineteen Dutch Catholic clerics, secular and religious people, known as the Martyrs of Gorkum, were hanged in Brielle, the Netherlands, by militant Dutch Calvinists.
Valletta was made the capital city of Malta.
The Royal Exchange in London was opened by Queen Elizabeth I.
The All Saints' Day Flood destroyed the Dutch and German coastlines.
England drew it's very first lottery outside St Paul's Cathedral.
James VI became the King of England and Ireland at just one year old.
Maximilian II became emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
William Shakespeare was baptized in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England.
King Charles IX of France became an adult on his 13th birthday.
Naples, Italy, banned kissing in public.
Queen Elizabeth I claimed the throne after her half-sister, Queen Mary I, died November 17, 1558.
Queen Elizabeth I was coronated and re-established the protestant Church of England.
Mary Queen of Scots married Francis Dauphin of France.
French forces attacked Calais and took it back from English rule.
The most deadly earthquake in history was recorded in China in Shaanxi's province.
Lady Jane Grey began her 9-day reign as the Queen of England, France, and Ireland.
The first university in the New World, the National University of San Marcos, was founded in Lima, Peru.
William Cecil inaugurated himself as English minister of foreign affairs.
Edward Seymour, the first Duke of Somerset and Lord Protector of England, had his title stripped from him.
Edward VI was crowned King of England after Henry VIII died.
At just 16 years old, Ivan IV the Terrible crowned himself the first Tsar (emperor) of Russia.
The Bolivian city of Potosí was founded after vast deposits of silver were discovered in the mountains nearby.
The Holy Emperor Charles V and King Henry VIII of England became allies against France.
Princess Mary Stuart succeeded her father James V and became Queen Mary I of Scotland at just six days old.
Portuguese explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo discovers Catalina Island off the coast of California.
Spanish explorer Juan Rodriguez discovered San Diego Bay and claimed it for Spain.
The Battle of Wofla between the Turkish and Portuguese occurred.
After over four years in the making, Michelangelo unveiled 'The Last Judgment' painting at the Sistine Chapel, Vatican City.
The Destruction of Santiago occurred when the Spanish conquistadors and the Mapuche-Picunche tribes had a confrontation.
French explorer Jacques Cartier arrived in the city of Quebec during his third voyage to Canada.
Santiago, Chile, was founded by Spanish conquistador Pedro de Valdivia.
The Society of Jesus was founded by Ignatius of Loyola alongside six companions.
King Henry VIII married his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves, after his previous wife died during childbirth.
The Treaty of Frankfurt was signed between Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and Protestants.
Pope Paul III excommunicated King Henry VIII of England.
The Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino was founded in the Dominican Republic.
Anne Boleyn, King Henry VIII of England's second wife, was beheaded in the Tower of London.
French-Breton explorer Jacques Cartier discovered 'Mount Royal,' now known as Montreal, Canada.
Catholic Saint Sir Thomas More was executed for treason by King Henry VIII.
Twelve Anabaptists paraded through Amsterdam completely naked.
King Henry VIII became the head of the Church of England.
Spanish conquistadors founded the city of Quito.
